---
title: Water Reticulation Benchmark
description: "Water reticulation is water distribution network which is delivered to the consumers. The distribution came from the pressure created from the source and delivered to its destination. Below is an example of the calculation and benchmark with MiTS software. #…"
url: "https://mes100.com/docs/water-reticulation-benchmark/"
updated: "2025-05-16"
category: Benchmark / Water
---

# Water Reticulation Benchmark

Water reticulation is water distribution network which is delivered to the consumers. The distribution came from the pressure created from the source and delivered to its destination. Below is an example of the calculation and benchmark with MiTS software.

# **Project File **

Provided a [**project file**](https://largefilehosting.s3.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/ProjectSharing/Update%20Blogpost%20Link/_10800%20Water%20Reticulation-backup-2.4.6.0-250220171105.zip) and the [**spreadsheet**](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1dSP207EQCUKfgq5uAa7aZ2l1QaJfjWzc/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=105598656567994126901&rtpof=true&sd=true) as your reference. 

Diagram below displays the common terms used in water reticulation. 

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image7-3.png?resize=661%2C470&ssl=1)

**Hydraulic Grade Line (HGL)     **

= Fix Head - Head Loss

**Residual Pressure               **        

= Hydraulic Grade Line - Highest Supply Level

**Tank Water Level             **        

=  Height from Ground Level to Tank Water Level

**Highest Supply Level     **        

= Ground Level + Tank Water Level 

**Head Loss                   **              

= Using Hazen William equation
[(Manual Headloss Calculation Benchmark)](https://mes100.com/docs/manual-headloss-calculation-benchmark-with-mes-software/)

 

# **Peak Flow**

Peak flow or also known as domestic flow. It is calculated for water distribution for domestic uses (residential, school, commercial etc.). Water demand is multiplied with peak factor (2.5) to determine the flow. 

**i. Example on Pipe 3 in Nodes for Peak Calculation**

**Flow (LPS)** **=** **Water Demand x Peak Factor**

=  |--0.144696211458333| x 2.5

= 0.3617 LPS

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image19-2.png?resize=1004%2C497&ssl=1)
*Calculation of Flow in Pipes for Peak Calculation in Spreadsheet*

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image13-2.png?resize=1024%2C453&ssl=1)
*Calculation of Flow in Pipes for Peak Calculation in MiTS*

**Velocity (m/s)** **=** **Q/A**

$$ =\frac{\displaystyle\frac{0.3617}{1000}}{\mathrm\pi0.075^2} $$

= 0.0205 m/s

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image34.png?resize=864%2C486&ssl=1)
*Velocity calculation in spreadsheet*

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image10-2.png?resize=1024%2C455&ssl=1)
*Velocity calculation in MiTS*

$$ \mathbf{Energy}\boldsymbol\;\mathbf{Slope}\boldsymbol\;\boldsymbol(\mathbf m\boldsymbol/\mathbf{km}\boldsymbol)\boldsymbol\;=\;\sqrt[27]{\frac{\mathrm V}{\mathrm k\;\mathrm C\;{({\displaystyle\frac{\mathrm D}4})}^{0.63}}}^{50}\;\times\;1000 $$

[**(you may refer here)**](https://mes100.com/docs/manual-headloss-calculation-benchmark-with-mes-software/)

$$ =\sqrt[27]{\frac{0.0204703}{0.85\;\times\;100\;\times\;{({\displaystyle\frac{0.15}4})}^{0.63}}}^{50}$$

= 0.009185 m/km

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image33.png?resize=890%2C493&ssl=1)
*Energy Slope (m/km) calculation in spreadsheet*

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image22.png?resize=1024%2C449&ssl=1)
*Energy Slope (m/km) calculation in MiTS*

 

**Head Loss (m)** **=** **Sf x L**

$$ =\frac{0.009185\;\times\;118.7105}{1000} $$

= 0.00109 m

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image31.png?resize=868%2C486&ssl=1)
*Headloss calculation in Spreadsheet*

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image14-2.png?resize=1024%2C320&ssl=1)
*Headloss calculation in MiTS*

**ii. Example on Pipe 1 in Pipes for Peak Calculation**

**HGL** **=** **Fix Head - Head Loss**

= 60 - 0.002

= 59.998 m

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image21-1.png?resize=679%2C479&ssl=1)
*HGL calculation in Spreadsheet*

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image18-2.png?resize=761%2C359&ssl=1)
*HGL calculation in MiTS *

**HSL** **=** **Ground Level + Tank Water Level**

= 33.22 + 0

= 33.22 m

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image27.png?resize=685%2C482&ssl=1)
*HSL calculation in Spreadshee*t

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image25.png?resize=718%2C364&ssl=1)
*HSL calculation in MiTS*

**Residual Pressure** **=** **HGL - HSL**

= 59.998 - 33.22

= 26.778 m 

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image12-4.png?resize=719%2C500&ssl=1)
*Residual Pressure calculation in Spreadsheet*

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image18-3.png?resize=761%2C359&ssl=1)
*Residual Pressure calculation in MiTS*

 

# **Fire Calculation**

Fire calculation is the calculation with hydrant assigned in the design. The purpose of it is to make sure whether the water distribution is sufficient to cater during fire breakout, even at the lowest pressure. The value usually used for water demand in fire calculation is 22.7 LPS.

**i. Example on Pipe 3 in Nodes for Fire Calculation**

**Flow (LPS)** **=** **(Water Demand x Fire Factor) + Average Flow**

= (22.7 x 1) + 0.145

= 22.845 LPS

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image11-4.png?resize=1024%2C442&ssl=1)
*Flow calculation in Spreadsheet*

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image32.png?resize=1024%2C334&ssl=1)
Flow calculation in MITS

**Velocity (m/s)** **=** **Q/A**

$$ =\frac{\displaystyle\frac{22.84}{1000}}{\mathrm\pi0.075^2} $$

= 1.292 m/s

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image24.png?resize=1024%2C438&ssl=1)
*Velocity calculation in Spreadsheet*

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image23.png?resize=1024%2C336&ssl=1)
*Velocity calculation in MiTS*

$$ \mathbf{Energy}\boldsymbol\;\mathbf{Slope}\boldsymbol\;\boldsymbol(\mathbf m\boldsymbol/\mathbf{km}\boldsymbol)\boldsymbol\;=\;\sqrt[27]{\frac{\mathrm V}{\mathrm k\;\mathrm C\;{({\displaystyle\frac{\mathrm D}4})}^{0.63}}}^{50}\;\times\;1000 $$

$$ =\sqrt[27]{\frac{1.292}{0.85\;\times\;100\;\times\;{({\displaystyle\frac{0.15}4})}^{0.63}}}^{50}$$

= 19.80 m/km

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image17-2.png?resize=979%2C504&ssl=1)
*Headloss (m/km) calculation in spreadsheet*

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image16-1.png?resize=1024%2C315&ssl=1)
*Headloss (m/km) calculation in MITS *

**Head Loss (m)** **=** **Sf x L**

= 19.80 x 118.71 / 1000

= 2.35 m

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image15-1.png?resize=997%2C507&ssl=1)
*Headloss calculation in Spreadshee*t

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image26.png?resize=1024%2C324&ssl=1)
*Headloss calculation in MiTS *

**ii. Example on Pipe 1 in Pipes for Fire Calculation**

**HGL** **=** **Fix Head - Head Loss**

=  60 - 1.19

= 58.81 m

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image9-2.png?resize=942%2C487&ssl=1)
*HGL calculation in Spreadshee*t

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image20-2.png?resize=752%2C356&ssl=1)
*HGL calculation in MiTS *

**Residual Pressure** **=** **HGL - GL**

= 58.81 - 33.22

= 25.59 m

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image30.png?resize=997%2C484&ssl=1)
*Residual Pressure calculation in Spreadsheet*

![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/image28.png?resize=756%2C460&ssl=1)
*Residual Pressure calculation in MiTS*

### *Related*

 [![](https://i0.wp.com/mes100.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/me-small.jpg?resize=100%2C100&ssl=1)](https://mes100.com/author/admin/)[Ngu Soon Hui](https://mes100.com/author/admin/)

I’m the [Benevolent Dictator for Life](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benevolent_dictator_for_life) for MiTS Software cum Editor of this website. Read more [here](/about-ngu-soon-hui/).

You can also contact me at soonhui@mes100.com